Bitcoin OP_RETURN usage surges toward 700K codes as data-embedding protocols reshape the network

Bitcoin’s blockchain is being used less like a payment rail and more like a bulletin board. OP_RETURN outputs, the mechanism that lets users embed arbitrary data into Bitcoin transactions, are climbing toward 700,000 and approaching all-time highs. The surge is largely driven by protocols like Runes, which piggyback on OP_RETURN to inscribe token data directly onto Bitcoin’s base layer. What’s behind the spike Two forces are colliding to produce this wave of activity. First, Bitcoin Core v30, released on October 10, 2025, dramatically loosened the rules. The update raised the default relay policy limit on OP_RETURN data from 83 bytes to roughly 100 kilobytes, a more than 1,000x increase. It also allowed multiple OP_RETURN outputs within a single transaction, where previously only one was permitted. Second, the Runes protocol has become the dominant consumer of that newly expanded capacity. A significant portion of recent OP_RETURN traffic traces back to Runes-related activity, with users minting and transferring fungible tokens that exist as data payloads on Bitcoin rather than on a separate chain. The combination has pushed daily Bitcoin transaction counts above 800,000 at peak mo...