Nigeria sets 1% crypto tax withholding for exchanges

Nigeria’s revenue authority has issued detailed crypto tax rules requiring exchanges and P2P marketplace operators to collect, report and remit taxes arising from virtual asset transactions. Summary Platforms must withhold 1% from taxable crypto disposals, while stablecoin sales remain exempt under guidelines. Staking, mining, airdrops and DeFi rewards may face 10% withholding when classified as taxable income. Token to fiat and fiat to token transfers attract 1.5% stamp duty collected by platforms and marketplaces under guidelines. Some withheld taxes require remittance in originating tokens, while VAT follows the transaction’s payment currency. Nigeria’s framework places exchanges and P2P operators at the center of reporting and enforcement duties. The Nigeria Revenue Service published the Guidelines on Taxation of Virtual Assets on July 31. The agency announced the framework publicly on Aug. 3, saying it explains how the Nigeria Tax Act 2025 and Nigeria Tax Administration Act 2025 apply to digital assets. One of the most unusual requirements concerns the form of payment. Income tax deducted at source and stamp duty must be remitted to the NRS in the token used for the underlying...